AI ResearchAug 16, 2026, 5:00 AM

Machine Learning COFFIES “Hears” Sunspots Before We Can See Them - Hackaday

30-second summary

Researchers trained a machine learning model to detect sunspots up to two days before they appear on the sun's surface.

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Key takeaways
  • COFFIES uses acoustic wave analysis to predict sunspots up to 48 hours before they become visible.
  • The model combines helioseismology data with machine learning for higher accuracy than visual-only methods.
  • Early sunspot detection could improve space weather forecasting and protect satellites and power grids.
  • Researchers validated the model using historical solar activity data, showing promising results.
Full story

A team of astrophysicists and data scientists has developed COFFIES, a machine learning model that listens to the sun’s acoustic waves to predict sunspots before they become visible. By analyzing subtle changes in solar vibrations, the model can identify emerging sunspots up to 48 hours before traditional imaging methods. This breakthrough could significantly improve space weather forecasting, which is critical for protecting satellites, power grids, and communication systems from solar flares and coronal mass ejections.

The research, published in a recent issue of *The Astrophysical Journal*, leverages decades of helioseismology data to train the model. Unlike previous attempts that relied solely on visual data, COFFIES combines acoustic signals with machine learning to achieve higher accuracy. The team tested the model on historical solar activity data, demonstrating its ability to predict sunspots with a lead time that could give scientists and engineers more time to prepare for potential disruptions.

While the model is still in its early stages, the implications for solar research and space weather prediction are substantial. Early detection of sunspots could help mitigate risks to critical infrastructure and advance our understanding of solar dynamics.

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Why this matters
Developers

Opportunities to build tools integrating acoustic solar data with AI for space weather applications.

Businesses

Companies in aerospace, energy, and telecommunications could benefit from improved solar storm preparedness.

Students

New research avenue in combining astrophysics with machine learning for predictive modeling.

Everyone

Advances in space weather prediction could protect everyday technology from solar disruptions.

Glossary
Helioseismology
The study of the sun’s internal structure using its acoustic waves, similar to how seismology studies earthquakes on Earth.
Sunspots
Temporary regions on the sun’s surface with intense magnetic activity, often associated with solar flares and coronal mass ejections.
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